Hepatitis B Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Therapeutic Approaches, Immune Response Management, and Long-Term Car
Hepatitis B is a viral infection affecting the liver, potentially leading to chronic inflammation, cirrhosis, and liver cancer if left untreated. Treatment strategies aim to suppress viral replication, reduce liver damage, improve immune control, and prevent complications. Hepatitis B management varies depending on whether the infection is acute or chronic.
First-line therapeutic agents include nucleos(t)ide analogs such as tenofovir and entecavir. These medications help suppress the hepatitis B virus, minimize liver inflammation, and reduce the risk of long-term complications. For some patients, pegylated interferon is used to stimulate the immune response, although it may be associated with more side effects.
Monitoring plays a crucial role in hepatitis B care. Regular assessments of liver enzymes, viral load, liver stiffness, and imaging help determine treatment effectiveness. Patients with advanced liver involvement may require more specialized interventions, including antiviral therapy combined with liver-protective strategies.
Vaccination remains the most effective prevention method, significantly reducing new infections worldwide. Research continues to explore functional cures using novel antiviral compounds, immune modulators, and therapeutic vaccines. With early diagnosis and proper management, many individuals with hepatitis B can maintain long-term liver health and quality of life.